filename     : MMVR02_bielser    
entry        : inproceedings
pages        : to appear
year         : 2001
title        : Open Surgery Simulation
author       : Daniel Bielser and Markus Gross
booktitle    : Proceedings of Medicine Meets Virtual Reality 2001
editor       : 
publisher    : 
language     : English
month        : January
keywords     : Surgery Simulation, Tissue Cutting, Haptics, Collision Detection, Explicit Finite Elements

abstract     :
The design of simulators for surgical training and planning poses a great number of technical challenges. 
Therefore the focus of systems and algorithms was mostly on the more restricted minimal invasive surgery. 
This paper tackles the more general problem of open surgery and presents efficient solutions to several 
of the main difficulties. In addition to an improved collision detection scheme for computing interactions 
with even heavily moving tissue, a hierarchical system for the haptic rendering has been realized in 
order to reach the best performance of haptic feedback. A flexible way of modeling complex surgical tools 
out of simple basic components is proposed. In order to achieve a realistic and at the same time fast 
relaxation of the tissue, the approach of explicit finite elements has been substantially improved. We 
are able to demonstrate realistic simulations of interactive open surgery scenarios.
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